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1.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 39(1): 61-69, ene.-feb. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88130

RESUMO

Introducción. Estudios recientes sugieren que las conductas suicidas tendrían una predisposición genética independiente del aumento de riesgo suicida asociado al diagnóstico de enfermedades mentales como los trastornos afectivos, la esquizofrenia, o la dependencia de alcohol. Dada la heterogeneidad de las conductas suicidas y la complejidad de su herencia, parece necesario el uso de fenotipos intermedios demostrables que permitan establecer una ligazón entre los genes y las conductas suicidas (endofenotipos).El principal objetivo es revisar cuales son los endofenotipos candidatos para las conductas suicidas. Métodos. Se realiza una revisión no sistemática de la bibliografía publicada en MEDLINE en los idiomas inglés, francés y español. Los términos de búsqueda usados fueron endofenotipos y conductas suicidas. Conclusiones. Los principales endofenotipos candidatos provienen de áreas como la neuropsicología (toma de decisiones, funciones ejecutivas), los rasgos de personalidad(impulsividad, agresividad y neuroticismo), la neuroquímica(5-HIAA en líquido cefalorraquídeo) y los estudios de neuroimagen (el metabolismo de la amígdala cerebral medido a través de Resonancia Magnética Funcional y el metabolismo de la corteza pre-frontal medido a través de Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones) (AU)


Background. Recent studies have suggested that genetic predisposition to suicidal behavior may be independent of the risk of suicide associated to mental disorders, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia or alcohol dependence. Given the suicidal behavior heterogeneity and its hereditary complexity, the need to find demonstrable intermediate phenotypes that may make it possible to establish links between genes and suicide behaviors (endophenotypes) seems to be necessary. The main objective is to review which are the candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors. Methods. We carried out a non-systematic review of all published literature in English, French and Spanish in MEDLINE. The search terms were endophenotypes and suicide behaviors. Conclusions. The main candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors are neuropsychological (decision making, executive functions), personality traits (impulsivity, aggressiveness, and neuroticism), neurochemistry (5-HIAAin CNS) and neuroimaging (fMRI of cerebral amygdala or PET of prefrontal cortex metabolism) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Fenótipo , Suicídio , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Diagnóstico por Imagem
2.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 39(1): 61-9, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21274823

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that genetic predisposition to suicidal behavior may be independent of the risk of suicide associated to mental disorders, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia or alcohol dependence. Given the suicidal behavior heterogeneity and its hereditary complexity, the need to find demonstrable intermediate phenotypes that may make it possible to establish links between genes and suicide behaviors (endophenotypes) seems to be necessary. The main objective is to review which are the candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors. METHODS: We carried out a non-systematic review of all published literature in English, French and Spanish in MEDLINE. The search terms were endophenotypes and suicide behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The main candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors are neuropsychological (decision-making, executive functions), personality traits (impulsivity, aggressiveness, and neuroticism), neurochemistry (5-HIAA in CNS) and neuroimaging (fMRI of cerebral amygdala or PET of prefrontal cortex metabolism).


Assuntos
Endofenótipos , Transtornos Mentais/genética , Suicídio , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Suicídio/psicologia
3.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 37(1): 21-26, ene.-feb. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-112127

RESUMO

Introducción. En las últimas tres décadas uno de los principales objetivos de la investigación en esquizofrenia ha sido la identificación de los síntomas y signos precursores de la enfermedad antes de su aparición. Objetivo. Buscamos en nuestro estudio los antecedentes que se otorgan previamente a pacientes antes de ser filiados como esquizofrenia. Método. Se trata de un estudio caso-control sobre el que utilizamos un registro de datos que incluye los campos del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos y el período de tiempo considerado fue entre 1999-2005. Resultados. Encontramos una frecuencia de 3,6% de retraso mental y un 2,1% de antecedentes de trastornos del comportamiento y de las emociones de comienzo habitual en la infancia y adolescencia, ambos como diagnóstico previo. La odds ratio de que un paciente con retraso mental sufra psicosis en la edad adulta es de 4,6 (IC 95% [3,43-6,26]), esquizofrenia de 5,8 [IC 95% (4,20-7,88)], esquizofrenia paranoide de 4,8 (IC 95% [3,39 –6,93]), esquizofrenia residual de 7,0 (IC 95% [4,81 -10,09]), trastorno por ideas delirantes de 2,7 (IC 95% [1,57 -4,73]). Conclusiones. De nuestro estudio se puede concluir que existe una frecuencia incrementada del diagnóstico de retraso mental entre los antecedentes patológicos de sujetos que posteriormente serán diagnosticados de esquizofrenia paranoide y esquizofrenia residual. Este hecho, supone un apoyo a la hipótesis etiológica de la esquizofrenia que involucra alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo (AU)


Introduction. One of the main aims of research on schizophrenia has been to pinpoint the early symptoms and signals of the disease before its appearance. Objectives. We have examined the diagnoses previously given to patients before they were diagnosed of schizophrenia. Method. This is a case-control study in which we used a data register including the fields of minimum basic data set (MBDS) whose time period included 1999 to 2005. Results. In our study, there was a 3.6% frequency of mental retardation and 2.1% one of behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, both diagnosed previously. The estimated odds ratio for a mentally retarded patient to suffer adult onset psychosis is 4.6 (95%CI [3.43-6.26]), schizophrenia 5.8 (95% CI [4.20-7.88]), paranoid schizophrenia 4.8 (95% CI [3.39 –6.93]), residual schizophrenia 7.0 (95% CI [4.81 -10.09]) and persistent delusional disorder 2.7 (95% CI [1.57 -4.73]). Conclusions. It can be concluded from our study that there is an increased frequency of mental retardation among the pathological records of subjects who will be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and residual schizophrenia in the future. This fact supports the etiological thesis of schizophrenia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/classificação , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual
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